Aplicación del e-Business en las organizaciones inteligentes

Currently, the Industry 4.0 revolution causes organizations to face not only new opportunities, but also challenges related to identifying their role in creating a modern intelligent world. For this reason, it is intended to analyze the components of the systems that show capacity in the detection and resolution of problems in an effective way together with the type of business adapted to the technological development known as e-business, related to the use of Information Technologies and Communication (ICT). For this, method used was the bibliographic search, which was composed mainly of articles published in journals of quartile 1 and 2 of the last five years. On the other hand, the data found from the variables chosen for the research were analyzed, explaining that the effectiveness of e-business within intelligent organizations is due to team learning and good leadership, as well as its model of business and the implementation of digital marketing. However, the complexity of its insertion is discussed, since it must be accompanied by good staff training and constant modernization to be able to transmit information safely in internal administrative processes. Despite this, it is possible to guarantee that e-business is a fundamental part of intelligent organizations, as it positively influences most of their operations and provides high rates of return.En la actualidad, la revolución de la Industria 4.0 ocasiona que las organizaciones no solo se enfrenten a nuevas oportunidades, sino también a desafíos relacionados con la identificación de su función en la creación de un mundo inteligente moderno. Por ello, se pretende analizar los componentes de los sistemas que demuestran capacidad en la detección y resolución de problemáticas de forma eficaz junto con el tipo de negocio adaptado al desarrollo tecnológico conocido como e-business, relacionado con el uso de las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC). Para ello, se empleó el método de búsqueda bibliográfica, el cual se compuso mayoritariamente por artículos publicados de revistas de cuartil 1 y 2 de los últimos cinco años. Por otro lado, se analizaron los datos hallados de las variables escogidas para la investigación, dando a explicar que la eficacia del e-business dentro de las organizaciones inteligentes es debido a un aprendizaje en equipo y un buen liderazgo, así como por su modelo de negocios y la implementación del marketing digital. Sin embargo, se discute sobre la complejidad de su inserción, puesto que esta debe estar acompañada de una buena capacitación al personal y constante modernización para poder transmitir información de forma segura en los procesos internos administrativos. Pese a ello, es posible garantizar que el e-business es una parte fundamental de las organizaciones inteligentes, pues influye positivamente en la mayor parte de sus operaciones y le brinda altas tasas de rentabilidad

Arboviral Etiologies of Acute Febrile Illnesses in Western South America, 2000–2007

Over recent decades, the variety and quantity of diseases caused by viruses transmitted to humans by mosquitoes and other arthropods (also known as arboviruses) have increased around the world. One difficulty in studying these diseases is the fact that the symptoms are often non-descript, with patients reporting such symptoms as low-grade fever and headache. Our goal in this study was to use laboratory tests to determine the causes of such non-descript illnesses in sites in four countries in South America, focusing on arboviruses. We established a surveillance network in 13 locations in Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Paraguay, where patient samples were collected and then sent to a central laboratory for testing. Between May 2000 and December 2007, blood serum samples were collected from more than 20,000 participants with fever, and recent arbovirus infection was detected for nearly one third of them. The most common viruses were dengue viruses (genera Flavivirus). We also detected infection by viruses from other genera, including Alphavirus and Orthobunyavirus. This data is important for understanding how such viruses might emerge as significant human pathogens

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)

In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. For example, a key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process versus those that measure fl ux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process including the amount and rate of cargo sequestered and degraded). In particular, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation must be differentiated from stimuli that increase autophagic activity, defi ned as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (inmost higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium ) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the fi eld understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. It is worth emphasizing here that lysosomal digestion is a stage of autophagy and evaluating its competence is a crucial part of the evaluation of autophagic flux, or complete autophagy. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. Along these lines, because of the potential for pleiotropic effects due to blocking autophagy through genetic manipulation it is imperative to delete or knock down more than one autophagy-related gene. In addition, some individual Atg proteins, or groups of proteins, are involved in other cellular pathways so not all Atg proteins can be used as a specific marker for an autophagic process. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field

Erratum to: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (Autophagy, 12, 1, 1-222, 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356

non present